Apparatus for treating artificial yarns



Aug. 6, 1940. A. NAI

APPARATUS FOR TREATING ARTIFICIAL mans Filed May 20, 1956 2 Sheets-Sheet l Aug. 6, 1940. A A. NAI 2.209.950

APPARATUS FOR TREATING ARTIFICIAL YARNS Filed May 20, 1936 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 fnvehzo Patented Aug. 6, 1940 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 2,209,950 APPARATUS non TREATING ARTIFICIAL YARNS Alfredo Nai, Milan, Item-assigns: a "Ohatillon Societa Anonima Italiana per le Fibre Tessill Artificiaii, Milan, Italy Application May 20, 1936, Serial No. 80,849 in Italy March 21, 19st '1 Claims. (01.68-9) The present invention relates to apparatus for washing, desulphurizing, bleaching and dryingand such height thatthe descending liquid may overflow on them each diaphragm having anhorizontal slot, the, parallel fibres from the spin- 1 ing machine entering from the lowest point and 2o rising up to the highest parallel, to the bottom of the channel in opposite direction to the' natural movement of the liquid, arrange themselves in the shape of a broad sliver which brushing with light friction alternatively. the bottom andtop sides of the slots of the successive diaphragms so as to partially squeeze the fibres within the-. liquid appear at the exit of the various channels to be thoroughly washed, desulphurised, bleached, dyed, etc. a

,30 The invention will be described further in detail by way of example with reference to the accompanying'drawings, in which:

Figure 1 is diagrammaticalvertical longitudius] section on line 1-4 of Figure 2, and

Figure 2 is a diagrammatical plan view of Figure 1, showing awashing apparatus according to invention, I

Fig. 2a is a partial modified view of the apparatus shown in Fig. 2.-

Figure 3 is a view analogous to Figure 1 show ing another form of apparatus in accordance with the invention,

Figure 4 shows, on larger scale, a detail of Fig-. -ures 1 and 3,

Figure 5 represents a front view of one of the diaphragms shown in Figure 1, 2 or 3,

Figure 6 isa view analogous to Figure 4 showing another form of diaphragm, and

Figure '1 is a diagrammatical view of a system of treatment channels according to the invention. v Fig. 7a is a partial modified view of the apparatus shown in Fig. 7.

Referring to Figures 1-5, the pairs of diaphragms 2 situated in the channels I have a horizontal slot a (mess spa ,5) through which, as said, the'fibre bundle 4 is caused to pass. I The said slot 3 is to be of suitable breadth and so chosen as to have tlle minimum linear density of fibres allowable with the breadth of the chan- 5 nel. Thus, for a channel of a breadth of 40-50 centimetresthe breadth oi! the slot will be from 12 to 25 centimetres, and the height from 2- to 3 1 centimetres. C

The diaphragms 2 of each are'placed at 10 a distance of '20-30 centimetres from each other so that the fibre bundle 4 will graze the lower horizontal side 3' of the'slct 3 of the first diaphragm 2, and the upper horizontal side 3" of the second diaphragm 2, or. vice versa. In this 15 manner the whole of the liquid conveyed by the fibres in their progress appears to be shifted from the lower part by the first slot 3, and for the upper partbythe second slot 3, or vice versa. The sliver 4 then proceeds over each pair of diaphragms 2 impregnating itself with fresh liquid after having left nearly the whole .of the liquid with which thefibre in the preceding section was I impregnated. v

Fig. 2a discloses a form of the invention where- 25 in the diaphragms are provided with slots which become increasingly larger from the lower end of the channel toward the upper end of the chan-' nel, with the exception. of the uppermost diaphragm. Fig. 7a discloses a form of the inven- 30 tion wherein the diaphragms are arranged in pairs. The distance between the diaphragms of each pair. increasing from the lower toward the upper end or the channel and also the distances between the pairs of diaphragms increasing from the lower to theupper end of the chana nel. V

At the start of the operations the compartments 5 of channel I are filled with the liquid to be used in the various treatments, .and immediately afterwards the liquids of each compartment 0' wilbimpregnate the fibres 4 in their progress. Thelatter are squeezed by the next pair of diaphragms 2. upwards and-are re-impregnated with fresh liquid in the subsequent compartment 5, the

channell beingeontinuously fed with fresh'liq uid through a pipe 6, and a constant outpouring of liquid from one compartment to the next lower one'being obtained, and thus balanced concentrations are established insuccessive compartments, which vary with exponential law. Thus, suppose 0 tabs: the concentration in the lower compartment, I

will be the concentration in the subsequent conipartment,

treatments are greatly improved ifthe lengths 01' the channel sections limited by the pairs of diaphragms are increasing from the admission point of the sliver towards the exit of same.

. It is obvious, in fact, that the optimum co tion of washing would be obtained if the fi res remaining immersed in the liquid could be isolated from each other because then each fibre condition would, however, imply anothercondition, namely that the fibres jected to tension. This, however, would engender the very serious drawback that a fibre, eventu- 25 ally ruptured in washing, would bend backwards thereby producing entanglement which would start breakage of all the other fibres.

In. the system forming the subiectvmatter oi the invention the fibres appear to be subjected to tension for preventing loss of the solidarity existing between them, which is such asto permit a fibre eventually broken to be 'carried away by the contiguous fibres. As. the tension of the sliver owing to the resistance the liquid is increasing from the lower to'the upper part it is 1 necessary for obtaining thesame broadening in all sections, that the length bf -thesections increase from the .lowerto the upper part- Thus also the breadth "of the slots of the diaphragm. is increasing in the same manner, excepting the- 40 slots of the outermost diaphragms which are smaller beyond which the silver is led tothe- -squeezing rollers. I

The diaphragms 2.-(Figures 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5) By using the above described devices with-the" channel designed for the silver issuing iron the spinning machine one obtains at the exit oi. the said channel a yarn completely tree from salts and perfectly neutral. During. the

progress ofwashing the acidity decreases in a. more rapid ,way than the geometrical proportion and in the last compartments the wateris periectly neutral to the most sensitive indicators. In order to eliminate the greatest possible .proportion of the liquid impregnating the fibres, 'at the end of the washing channel a squeezing device is provided which may comprise a'pair of rollers pressed together, or better still especially ior avoiding damaging the fibres, a device comprisingrollert asshowninl igure' 1. Inorderto ensure that the silver, remains open without there being superpositions of the second coil or sliver 75 over the first upper roller in the above described would be entirely surrounded by the liquid. This are not to be submay be of metal, glass, porcelain, ebonite, or the squeezing device an inclined roller II is provided. I

1 The squeezing rollers may be not only placed at the end 01' the channel but eventually also at one or more intermediate points as shown at 5 in 5 Figure 2, in; that the sliver besides being silhjected to squeezing within the liquid by diaphragms or bars may. also be subjected to anaother more intense squeezing before again com ing into contact with the-liquid. By the said intermediate the requirement of liquids useddmedin'the various treatments is materially re- When the sliver is to be subiected to the successive treatments or desulphurising, bleaching,

dyeing, etc., various channels of equal inclination are placed in series, each fed with suitable liquid, Figure 7. The sliver 4 after flowing'through the first-channel I and passing over a squeezing device 9, ll enters a series 01' other channels I', .l", l'." of variable length according to the treatment they are to be subjected to, the titre of sliver, the Eire ofunitary filament and temperature 01' th, etc. I In each'of the above described channels, either. designed for washing or designed for the treatments with chemical ,reagents, the above de-' scribed devices are placed in order to ifree the -fibres gradually from water or ,irom the solutions with which they are impregnated.

Besides being subjected to washing, desulphurising and bleaching the sliverm'ay be subjected to dyeing in channels. of the same type with suit.. able dyes. The process is particularly adapted for dyeing with'sulphur dyes,'b'ec ause bythe fact that sodium sulphide is 'usedas desulphurising medium and sodium sulphide the silver is also a component of the dyeing bath, the'sliver al ready impregnated with this solution is passed. directly to theuyeing ba h without any inter-g mediate washing or other treatment.

Eanmpla-L bundle of fibres 4, having each a unitary titre 011% deniers, or more. so as to form a and of. a men titre of about-300,000 .denie'rs, is caused to advancewith a speed'oi.

from 60 to 100meterspe'r minute onthebottom 01' a channel,l of a length of.20-60 meters, a breadth oi. 40-50 centimetres with an inclination M1256 per cent. red in the highest part in the a proportional about 5-6 litres of hot or cold water,

in which at'a distance of from 2 to 6 meters pairs of diaphragms 2 are placed which are distant 20-30 centimetres from each other and have a slot 3 er a hreedtheuz-zs centimetres through I.

which the fibre'bundle l is caused to pass in" the above described manner. -.Atter the silver has passed over the set or squeezing rollers I,

.ll desulphurising of-the sliveris eflected. by washing in-a second analogous channel of a lengthoi -20 meters, whereupon it is washed in a channel or -80 meters, and then bleached, washed,'dyed, etc. in channels of the same type but variable lengths.

In comparison-with what is claimed in German patent,No.'508,983", all the operations of the process according to the present invention are,

carried out with the fibres held under tension thereby avoiding: ruptures and entanglements 7o which would be unavoidable it the said treatments All the main rollers of the squeezing devices are controlled by a sole transmission so thatkept distinct by suitable thread-guides, and collected at the end of the washing and {other treat ments, on suitablecollecting devices,and then dried.

For the production of short fibre the sliver is cut by suitable devices after completion of said washing, bleaching and finishing operations. Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is:

1. An apparatus for washing, desulphurizing,g

tances between each pair or diaphragms and the bleaching, dyeing and subjecting artificial yarn to finishing treatments comprising, a series of independent compartments, inlet means and outlet means disposed at the respective ends of the compartment for a treating liquid, means for passing the yarn through the compartments in a direction opposite to the flow oi the liquid, diaphragms disposed at appropriate distances .apart in the said compartment and transversely to the direction of movement of the yarn, said diaphragms being provided with smooth. edges,

the yarncontactingthesaidedgeaandmeaflsior compartments. 2. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1,

tensioningthe yarn to press the same against said edges whereby the liquid is' expressed from the yarn while passing through the liquid in said in which pairs of diaphragms are provided with slots to form the said edges and are so arranged'that the yarn is compelled to-brush with slight friction against the lower horizontal side .of the slot. I

of one diaphragm and-the upper horizontal side of the .slot of the adjacent diaphragm.

3. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1, in which said diaphragms consist of suitably spaced bars placed alternately above and below the path of travel of the yarn.

4. Apparatus as'claimed in claim 1, in which the diaphragms are arranged in equally spaced pairsand the distances between the diaphragms of each pair is constant throughout the length of the compartment.

-- 5. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1, in which the diaphragms are arranged-in pairs, the disdiaphragms or each pair increasing from the outequal for all thediaphragms.

'1. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1 in which thelength of the edges of the vdiaphragmsinv creases from the outlet end to the inlet end or the compartment, excepting the outermost diaphrag'ms oi each compartment. 

